下一代诊断病理学

随着人类基因组测序、生物大数据信息分析、分子病理检测和人工智能辅助病理诊断等技术进步及其应用, 临床医学发展迈向精准诊疗时代。这一时代背景下, 传统诊断病理学迎来前所未有的历史机遇, 正在向"下一代诊断病理学(next-generation diagnostic pathology)"迈进。下一代诊断病理学以病理形态和临床信息为诊断基础, 以分子检测与生物信息分析、智慧制样与流程质控、智能诊断与远程会诊、病灶活体可视化与"无创"病理诊断等创新前沿交叉技术为主要特征, 以多组学和跨尺度整合诊断为病理报告内容, 实现对疾病的"最后诊断", 并预测疾病演进和结局、建议治疗方案和评估治疗反应, 形成新的疾病诊断"金标准"。未来, 需要激发病理学科创新活力, 加快下一代诊断病理学成熟和应用, 重塑病理学科理论和技术体系, 发挥诊断病理学在疾病"防、诊、治、养"等过程中的重要作用, 促进临床医学进一步发展, 服务健康中国战略。     

Preclinical evaluation of a plant-derived SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine: Protective efficacy,immunogenicity, safety,and toxicity

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a global priority. Previously, we showed that a protein subunit vaccine that was developed based on the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the Fc portion of human IgG1 (RBD-Fc), produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, and adjuvanted with alum, namely, Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1, induced potent immunological responses in both mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Hence, this study evaluated the protective efficacy, safety, and toxicity of Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1 in K18-hACE2 mice, monkeys and Wistar rats. Two doses of vaccine were administered three weeks apart on Days 0 and 21. The administration of the vaccine to K18-hACE2 mice reduced viral loads in the lungs and brains of the vaccinated animals and protected the mice against challenge with SARS-CoV-2. In monkeys, the results of safety pharmacology tests, general clinical observations, and a core battery of studies of three vital systems, namely, the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, did not reveal any safety concerns. The toxicology study of the vaccine in rats showed no vaccine-related pathological changes, and all the animals remained healthy under the conditions of this study. Furthermore, the vaccine did not cause any abnormal toxicity in rats and was clinically tolerated even at the highest tested concentration. In addition, general health status, body temperature, local toxicity at the administration site, hematology, and blood chemistry parameters were also monitored. Overall, this work presents the results of the first systematic study of the safety profile of a plant-derived vaccine, Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1; this approach can be considered a viable strategy for the development of vaccines against COVID-19.     

超声引导下辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展

冻结肩是常见的肩部疾病,传统非可视化治疗冻结肩效果欠佳。近年来,超声引导具有动态实时定位、无辐射、便携性、低成本等优点在辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩患者中得到成功应用,不仅能提供精确的诊断,也提高了患者中长期的疗效。本文就超声引导辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展进行综述。     

Comparison of mechanical properties between Nice knot,Modified Nice knot,and surgeon's knot

BackgroundThe success of surgical repairs rely on the effectiveness and integrity of the surgical knots used to secure the repair. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the performance of the Nice knot, the modified Nice knot, and a commonly used combination of surgeons' and square knots with respect to cyclic loading and load-to-failure usiflueng a high-strength suture composed of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the hands of experienced surgeons.MethodsTwo experienced surgeons threw 3 different knot types 9 times, consisting of the Nice knot, modified Nice knot, and a surgeon's knot utilizing Ultrabraid #2 sutures. Each knot was subject to cyclic loading and load to failure testing.FindingsBoth surgeons had similar displacement data for the surgeon's knot, while the identity of the surgeon impacted displacement for the Nice knot (p = 0.03) and the modified Nice knot (p = 0.0002). The load to failure for the modified Nice knot (p < 0.001) and the Nice knot (p = 0.001) were significantly impacted by the surgeon tying the knot, while the surgeon's knot was not. Specimens failed where the sutures passed through the loop at the “base” of the knot.InterpretationsThe strength and integrity of complex surgical knots are variable between surgeons. While the proposed Modified Nice Knot has a theoretical advantage because the half hitches reinforce the primary knot, in load to failure testing both the Modified Nice Knot and the Nice Knot failed where the suture passed through the loop in the primary knot.